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IASLC呼吁在癌症临床试验中记录烟草使用

作者:肿瘤瞭望   日期:2024/1/3 16:52:41  浏览量:4218

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近年来,越来越多的人意识到烟草使用对癌症患者临床结局有负面影响。2014年美国卫生总监(US Surgeon General)的报告汇总了令人信服的证据,表明癌症患者和幸存者吸烟会导致不良结局,包括全因死亡率、癌症特异性死亡率和第二原发癌风险增加[1]。该报告进一步表明,持续吸烟与较高的癌症治疗毒性风险和较差的生活质量密切相关。现在有证据表明,癌症诊断后戒烟与生存期改善相关[2,3]。

近年来,越来越多的人意识到烟草使用对癌症患者临床结局有负面影响。2014年美国卫生总监(US Surgeon General)的报告汇总了令人信服的证据,表明癌症患者和幸存者吸烟会导致不良结局,包括全因死亡率、癌症特异性死亡率和第二原发癌风险增加[1]。该报告进一步表明,持续吸烟与较高的癌症治疗毒性风险和较差的生活质量密切相关。现在有证据表明,癌症诊断后戒烟与生存期改善相关[2,3]

烟草使用可影响患者预后,具有预测性价值。在接受手术的肺癌患者中,有证据表明吸烟可导致更频繁的术后并发症以及提高围手术期死亡率[4,5]。对于接受放疗的患者,吸烟增加治疗相关毒性发生的风险[6],因组织氧水平较低导致疗效较差[7]。对于接受化疗或分子靶向药物全身性治疗的患者,有证据表明使用烟草会减少骨髓抑制[8]和/或降低肿瘤应答[9],这提示烟草烟雾中的多环芳烃对肝酶的诱导可提高这些药物的清除率,从而降低其疗效[10,11],另一方面,与无吸烟史的患者相比,有吸烟史的患者似乎从免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)治疗中获益较大[12]
评估烟草使用对临床结局影响的研究发现,烟草使用对目前临床应用的全身性治疗药物的影响尚未得到全面阐述[13]。尽管如此,现有证据表明,在评估新型癌症疗法的疗效时,吸烟可能是一个应考虑的重要预测因素。我们需要通过进一步研究来阐明癌症诊断后继续吸烟的影响,对于继续吸烟的癌症患者,指导最佳治疗的选择,并确定戒烟所产生的临床获益大小[14]。
据称,相对于吸可燃烟草制品而言,较新的替代烟草制品(包括电子烟和加热烟草制品)的健康风险较低。然而,关于它们对健康的长期影响(包括患肺癌的风险)以及它们对治疗结果的影响,目前尚无数据。为了确定使用替代烟草制品与癌症风险之间的潜在关联及其对癌症治疗结局的影响,有必要收集癌症治疗试验中使用替代烟草制品的数据[15]
大量综述表明,只有约20%的试验在患者注册时记录了吸烟状况,很少有试验在整个试验过程中记录了吸烟状况[16,17]。此外,吸烟状态(当前、既往和从未吸烟)的定义不一致,很少有试验收集有关吸烟强度的信息[18]。即使吸烟状况已经确定,也很少有试验分析吸烟对临床结局中的患者预后影响,以及吸烟对临床结局的预测性影响[19]
吸烟显然会影响患者的生存期以及癌症治疗的毒性,而这些终点是几乎所有临床试验的主要或次要研究终点。因此,在临床试验中,收集和分析吸烟信息以准确评估其对癌症治疗的利弊至关重要[20]
为了提高大家对烟草烟雾在癌症临床试验中的影响的认识,IASLC建议使用经过验证的癌症患者烟草使用问卷(C-TUQ)中的标准化定义[21],记录癌症诊断和临床试验注册时的烟草使用状况。
IASLC呼吁临床试验研究人员:
对于曾经使用过烟草制品的人,在临床试验期间定期记录使用烟草制品(包括电子烟和加热烟草制品)的情况。
记录患者在临床试验过程中使用的任何戒烟方法及其效果。
尽可能使用生化指标检查患者的吸烟状态。
分析烟草使用对临床试验结局的影响,这些临床试验结局包括肿瘤缓解率、无进展生存期和总生存期、治疗相关毒性、不良事件、对试验程序的依从性和生活质量。
参考文献:(滑动查看)
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癌症临床试验,烟草

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